Nozzle structure for burners for liquid fuel



NOZZLE STRUC'IURE FOR BURNERS FOR LIQUID FUEL Filed C". 5, 1935 im x w ATTORNEYE Patented 'Aug. 23, 1938 UNITED lSTATES NOZZLE STRUCTURE FOR BURNERS FOB LIQUID FUEL Alfred Robert Haase, Hollis, N. Y. Application October 5, 1935, Serial No. 43,697 4 Claims. (Cl. l58--78) V This invention has general relation to oil or other liquid fuel burners of the gun type in which the fuel is fed under pressure to the spray tip and ejected therefrom in a conical spray.

'I'he present invention is more particularly dlrected to an improved nozzle structure which functions to more emciently burn a heavier type and less expensive grade of liquid fuel.

The improved nozzle structure embodies a tubular casing having an air intake at its rear end. an outlet at its forward end adapted to communicate with the combustion chamber of a furnace, a liquid fuel supply extending into said casing and terminating in spaced relation with the outlet for supplying under pressure a jet of fuel in the form of a conical spray and means providing a discharge outlet for the spray and for producing an intermixing of the air and spray so that combustion of the spray takes place as the same emerges from the discharge outlet. This construction avoids the premature burning of the spray adjacent the spray tip and before the spray is intimately mixed with the air, since by this construction the spray has expanded into arelatively large cross sectional area at the discharge outlet, at which point ignition begins so as to produce a burning jet within the combus tion chamber of the furnace of relatively larger cross sectional area than where the ignition begins adjacent the spray tip.

'I'he invention further comprehends a nozzle structure having means defining a carbureting chamber for mixing the air with the fuel spray, Awhich means is adjustable for properly locating the same with reference to the fuel spray so as to obtain a maximum degree of efficiency from the fuel consumed. i

More particularly the invention resides in an improved structure for a liquid fuel burner of the pressure type which embodies means defining a carbureter chamber which means is adapted to be adjusted so as to accommodate varying volumes of air and fuel fed to the nozzle for obtaining the proper mixture of air and fuel so as to attain a maximum efficiency from the fuel constuned.

Other objects of the invention are to provide a nozzle structure which is extremely simple in its construction and mode of use, which is economical to produce, install and maintain in working condition and which is highly eflcient for its intended purpose.

With the above enumerated and other objects in view, reference is made to the following speciilcation and accompanying drawing in which there is disclosed, by way of example, a preferred embodiment of the invention, while the appended claims cover variations and modiiications thereof which fall within the scope of the invention.

In the drawingr Fig. 1 is a vertical longitudinal sectional view of a nozzle constructed in accordance with the invention, taken approximately on line I-I of Fig. 2.

Fig. 2 is a plan view thereof with the upper sections of the nozzle removed.

Fig. 3 is a front end view thereof.

Referring to the drawing by characters of reference, l0 designates a tubular casing having an air intake at the end which is disposed remote from the combustion chamber of the furnace and which is hereinafter termed the rear end. and a discharge outlet at the opposite end which is hereinafter termed the forward'end and which extends into and communicates with the cornbustion chamber of the furnace so as to discharge thereinto a mixture of air and fuel, the casing lll being formed with horizontal supporting ledges Il extending longitudinally and rearwardly from the forward end thereof. Within the casing is arranged a horizontal transverse bracket i2 provided with terminal eyes I3 supported upon -the ledges II and provided with depending ears i4 secured to the casing by screws or equivalent fastening means l5. A spray tip i6 is supported medially by the bracket I2 in spaced relation to the forward end of the casing and is connected by a supply pipe Il for feeding oil or other liquid I fuel under pressure to the spray tip from which the fuel is ejected into the combustion chamber of the furnace through the forward end of the casing in the form of a conical spray.

In order to provide means for producing an effective intermixing of the air and spray so that combustion takes place adjacent the discharge outlet of the casing, a rearwardly flared hollow frusto conical deiector IB is provided within the casing between the outer end thereof and the spray tip to define a mixing chamber within the casing. 'Ihe defiector I8 is located adjacent the forward end of the casing lli and is so spaced relative to the spray tip I 6 as to cause the periphery of the opening I9 to coincide with the periphery of the spray. This prevents the escape of the air around the spray and insures proper intermixing thereof at the point of emergence. while avoiding smoking which would result from interception of any appreciable amount of the spray by the defiector and the carrying of unaerated fuel around the outer edges of the deflector. The forwardly tapering inner face 2li of the defiector Il directs the air passing through the casing into the spray as the same emerges through the opening Il in the forward end of the defiector I8 thereby producing an intimate mixture of the air and spray at which point ignition begins so as to produce at the opening I9 a burning jet of relatively large cross sectional area. This construction avoids the premature burning of the spray adjacent the spray tip at which point the spray is not sufficiently mixed with air to obtain the best results and the maximum emciency oi' the fuel.

The nozzle is capable of use for varying capacities, of fuel to be burned in predetermined limits by employing interchangeable spray tips having varying capacities, while the volume of air admitted through the air intake of the casing I is varied to maintain the proper mixture. When the maximum volume of fuel is to be fed, the defiector Il is located at its greatest distance from the tip substantially atthe forward end of the casing and when a lesser amount of fuel is to be fed the defiector llis moved rearwardly into,

a closer relation to the spray tip.

'Ihe casing I0 may also be provided with a similarly flared hollow frusto conical rear defiector 2| arranged between the spray tip I6 and the deflector Il and the deflectors Il and 2| may be longitudinally adjustable towards and away from each other and towards and away from the spray tip so as to accommodate varying volumes of air and fuel admitted to the nozzle for attaining the proper mixture thereof. The defiector I8 is provided with bosses 22 at opposite sides thereof, the lower surfaces 22 of which are slidably supported on the ledges and a rod 24 is secured to each boss and extends rearwardly therefrom and is slidably engaged within bores 25 of the eyes I3 to permit of the longitudinal adjustment of the' said defiector. When the defiector I8 is adjusted to the desired position on the rods 2l set screws 2t tapped through the eyes I2 secure the same in adjusted position.

The rear defiector 2| is provided with laterally projecting lugs 21 having bores 2l to slidably mount the same on the rods 24 and set screws 29 serve as means for locking the rear defiector in adjusted position. The casing I0 is provided with a removable upper rear section 30 for gaining access to the spray tip I6 and to electrodes Il providing a spark gap adjacent the spray tip and for facilitating the adjustment of the deflector members.

When the rear defiector 2| is usedin conjunction with the defiector Il and the maximum volurne of fuel is to be fed, the defiector |8 is set at a position at the forward end of the casing with the rear defiector 2| adjusted rearwardly to a position separated from the outer defiector I8. When a lesser amount of fuel is to be fed, the defiectors Il and 2| are moved into closer relationship with each other and set in a position closer to the spray tip.

What is claimed is:

1. A liquid fuel burner including a spray tip from which the fuel is ejected under pressure in the form of a conical spray, a tubular casing surrounding said spray tip and having an air intake at its rear end and communicating with the combustlon chamber of a furnace at its forward end,

a pair of longitudinally spaced rearwardly flared rear and forward hollow frusto-conical defiector members, the forward member defining a port of greater diameter than the diameter of the port of the rear member and said members being arranged within said casing with the periphery of the rear member in spaced relation with the inner Wall thereof, said rear member being adjustable towards and away from the forward member and towards and away from the spray tip for controlling intermixing of the air and the fuel spray as the mixture is projected into the combustion chamber of the furnace.

2. A liquid fuel burner including a tubular casing having an air intake at its rear end .md having communication at its forward end with the combustion chamber of a furnace, a spray tip located coaxially within and extending axially of said casing intermediate its ends and through which fuel is ejected under pressure towards the forward end of the` casing, said casing having longitudinally extending horizontal ledges along its opposite sides and extending rearwardly from its forward end, and a rearwardly flared hollow frusto-conical defiector within said casing supported upon said ledges and slidable thereupon longitudinally of said casing for effecting an interrnixlng of the air and fuel spray discharged through the defiector into the combustion chamber of the furnace.

3. A liquid fuel burner including a tubular casing having an air intake at its rear end and adapted to communicate at its forward end with the combustion chamber of a furnace, a spray tip located coaxially within and extending axially of said casing intermediate its ends and through which the fuel is ejected under pressure towards the forward end of the casing and a rearwardly flared hollow frusto-conical defiector element apertured at the forward end to define an outlet passage, said defiector element being arranged within and adjustable longitudinally of the casing between the forward end thereof and a position spaced from and in advance of the spray tip so as to effect an intermixing of the air and fuel spray and burning of the same as it is discharged through the outlet passage of the defiector after initial ignition adjacent the spray tip.

4. A liquid fuel burner including a tubular casing having an air intake at fts rear end and having communication at its forward end with the combustion chamber of a furnace, a spray tip located coaxially within and extending axially of said casing intermediate its ends and through which the fuel is ejected under pressure towards the forward end of the casing in the form of a conical spray increasing in diameter towards the forward end of the casing, a rearwardly flared hollow frusto-conical defiector element open at its forward end to define an outlet passage, said element being mounted within said casing for longitudinal adjustment so as to dispose the periphery of the outlet passage to coincide with the periphery of the spray at the point of emergence of the same from the defiector element for causing the fuel after initial ignition to begin to burn at its point of emergence from the outlet passage of the defiector.

ALFRED ROBERT HAASE. 

